Copyleft vs Copyright

Copyleft is a play on the word copyright to describe the practice of using copyright law to offer the right to distribute copies and modified versions of a work and requiring that the same rights be preserved in modified versions of the work. In other words, copyleft is a general method for making a program, or other work of art, completely free, and requiring all modified and extended versions of the program to be free as well.

In general, copyright law is used by an author to prohibit others from reproducing, adapting, or distributing copies of the author’s work. In contrast, under copyleft, an author may give every person who receives a copy of a work permission to reproduce, adapt or distribute it and require that any resulting copies or adaptations are also bound by the same policy and philosophy.

The GNU General Public License, originally written by Richard Stallman, was the first copyleft license to see extensive use, and continues to dominate the licensing of copylefted software. Creative Commons, a non-profit organization founded by Lawrence Lessig, provides a similar license called ShareAlike.

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Italian Stupidity

Government is like a baby. An alimentary canal with a big appetite at one end and no sense of responsability at the other. Ronald Reagan

A great number of people talk too much, but pragmatically act too little, and if they try, they can only do stupid and dangerous things. Any reference to Italian politicians are quite imaginary and clearly unreal. Carl William Brown

Silvio Berlusconi had continued to make the Italian state to pay for his debts and to support his businesses expansion. The pinnacle of the stupidity was that Berlusconi had the approval from Italian people. Carl William Brown

Laws of Stupidity

The economic historian Carlo Maria Cipolla is famous for his essays about human stupidity. The essay, The Fundamental Laws of Human Stupidity, explores the controversial subject of stupidity. Stupid people are seen as a group, more powerful by far than major organizations such as the Mafia and the industrial complex, which without regulations, leaders or manifesto nonetheless manages to operate to great effect and with incredible coordination. These are Cipolla’s five fundamental laws of stupidity:

1) Always and inevitably each of us underestimates the number of stupid individuals in circulation.
2) The probability that a given person is stupid is independent of any other characteristic possessed by that person.
3) A person is stupid if they cause damage to another person or group of people without experiencing personal gain, or even worse causing damage to themselves in the process.
4) Non-stupid people always underestimate the harmful potential of stupid people; they constantly forget that at any time anywhere, and in any circumstance, dealing with or associating themselves with stupid individuals invariably constitutes a costly error.
5) A stupid person is the most dangerous type of person there is.

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School and Education Quotations

Be circumspect how you offend schollers, for knowe, a serpent tooth bites not so ill, as dooth a schollers angrie quill. John Florio

Private schools, pretentious educational and political institutions, with a lot of university teachers most commonly and pompously called professors are clearly more interested in making money than in spreading  pedagogical matters, logic and common sense, also because before teaching you must first be able to learn. (in order to teach you must before be able to learn). Carl William Brown

A great number of people talk too much, but pragmatically act too little, and if they try, they can only do stupid and dangerous things. Any references to Italian politicians are quite imaginary and clearly unreal. Carl William Brown

Success and suffering are vitally and organically linked. If you succeed without suffering, it is because someone suffered for you; if you suffer without succeeding, it is in order that someone else may succeed after you. Edward Judson

I don’t like clear matters, they don’t concern me enough! Carl William Brown

‎It is often forgotten that (dictionaries) are artificial repositories, put together well after the languages they define. The roots of language are irrational and of a magical nature.” -Jorge Luis Borges, Prologue to “El otro, el mismo.”

Form and substance: Hjelmslev introduced the notion that both expression and content have substance and form. In this framework signs have four dimensions: substance of content; form of content; substance of expression; form of expression.

Education, knowledge, culture and experience are foundamental to help you find what you are looking for. Carl William Brown

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Trading Quotations

Invest in bear market, speculate in bull market. Carl William Brown

Credit is a system whereby a person who can’t pay gets another person who can’t pay to guarantee that he can pay. Charles Dickens

Money management is the only strategy to survive in this crazy, stupid and doped financial world market. Carl William Brown

A great fortune depends on luck, a small one on diligence. Chinese Proverb

The gambling known as business looks with austere disfavor upon the business known as gambling. Ambrose Bierce

Man is a gaming animal. He must always be trying to get the better in something or other. Charles Lamb

It is generally agreed that casinos should, in the public interest, be inaccessible and expensive. And perhaps the same is true of stock exchanges. John Maynard Keynes

For greed all nature is too little. Seneca

The freedom to make a fortune on the stock exchange has been made to sound more alluring than freedom of speech. John Mortimer

If a business does well, the stock eventually follows. Warren Buffett

Experience is that marvellous thing that enables you to recognize a mistake when you make it again. Franklyn P. Jones

It’s an extremely good thing that money sometimes changes hands. Carl William Brown

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Teaching How to Learn

Any company that aspires to succeed in the tougher business environment of the 1990s must first resolve a basic dilemma: success in the marketplace increasingly depends on learning, yet most people don’t know how to learn. What’s more, those members of the organization that many assume to be the best at learning are, in fact, not very good at it. Chris Argyris

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Marketing myopia and management failure

Creativity is thinking up new things. Innovation is doing new things.
Theodore Levitt

Every major industry was once a growth industry. But some that are now riding a wave of growth enthusiasm are very much in the shadow of decline. Others that are thought of as seasoned growth industries have actually stopped growing. In every case, the reason growth is threatened, slowed, or stopped is not because the market is saturated. It is because there has been a failure of management.
Theodore Levitt

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Law, lawyers and black humour!

Laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps and hornets break through. Jonathan Swift

The first thing we do, let’s kill all the lawyers. William Shakespeare

Why, may not that be the skull of a lawyer? Where be his quiddities now, his quillities, his cases, his tenures, and his tricks? Why does he suffer this mad knave now to knock him about the sconce with a dirty shovel, and will not tell him of his action of battery? Hum! This fellow might be in’s time a great buyer of land, with his statutes, his recognizances, his fines, his double vouchers, his recoveries: is this the fine of his fines, and the recovery of his recoveries, to have his fine pate full of fine dirt? Will his vouchers vouch him no more of his purchases, and double ones too, than the length and breadth of a pair of indentures? The very conveyances of his lands will scarcely lie in this box; and must the inheritor himself have no more, ha? (Hamlet, 5.1.97), Hamlet to Horatio  by William Shakespeare

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Self Study Quotations

They know enough who know how to learn. Henry  Brooks Adams

Formal education will make you a living; self education will make you a fortune.  Jim Rohn

Since we cannot know what knowledge will be most needed in the future, it is senseless to try to teach it in advance. Instead, we should try to turn out people who love learning so much and learn so well that they will be able to learn whatever needs to be learned.
John Holt

A great fortune depends on luck, a small one on diligence. Chinese Proverb

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George Mikes and The English Language

I THOUGHT I KNEW ENGLISH  by GEORGE MIKES

When I came to England I thought I knew English fairly well. In Budapest my English proved quite sufficient. On arrival in this country I found that Budapest English was quite different from London English. I should not like to seem biased, but I found Budapest English much better in many ways.
In England I found two difficulties. First: I did not understand people, and secondly: they did not understand me. In the first week I picked up a tolerable working knowledge of the language and the next seven years completely convinced me that I would never know it really well, let alone perfectly. Take the 500 basic words that you are supposed to know if you want to survive in Britain. Well, they are far from being the whole vocabulary of the language, as you might expect, but unfortunately you may learn another 500, and another 5000, and yet another 50000 and still you may come across a further 50000 you have never heard of before, and nobody else either.
If you live here long enough you will find out to your great surprise that the adjective nice is not the only adjective that the language possesses, in spite of the fact that in the first three years you do not need to learn or use any other adjectives. You can say that the weather is nice, a restaurant is nice, Mr Soandso is nice, Mrs Soandso’s clothes are nice, you had a nice time, and all this will be very nice.
Then you have to decide on your accent. The easiest way to give the impression of having a good accent or no foreign accent at all is to hold an unlit pipe in your mouth, to mutter between your teeth and finish all your sentences with the question: “isn’t it?” : People will not understand much, but they are used to it and they will get the most excellent impression. Finally, do not forget that it is much easier to write in English than to speak in English because you can write without a foreign accent.
Many foreigners who have learnt Latin and Greek in school soon discover with great satisfaction that the English language has absorbed an enormous amount of ancient Latin and Greek expressions, and they realize that a) it is much easier to learn these expressions than the equivalent English words; b) that these words are usually interminably long and make a simply superb impression when talking to the greengrocer or the milkman because they will be very proud of having such a highly cultured person as a customer.
The first step in my progress was when people started understanding me while I still could not understand them. This was the most talkative period of my life. Trying to hide my limits, I went on talking, keeping the conversation as unilateral as possible.
The next stage was when I began to understand foreigners but not the English or the Americans. The more atrocious a foreign accent someone had, the clearer he sounded to me.
But time passed and my knowledge and understanding of English grew slowly. Until the time came when I began to be very proud of my knowledge of English. Luckily, every now and then one goes through a sobering experience which teaches one to be more humble. Some years ago my mother came here from Hungary on a visit. She expressed her wish to take English lessons and I accompanied her to a school. I enquired about the various classes and said that I was interested in a class for beginners. I received all the necessary information and conducted a lengthy conversation with the receptionist, in the belief that my English sounded vigorous and idiomatic. Finally, I paid the fees for my mother. She looked at me with astonishment and asked: “Only for one? And what about you?”
From How to Be an Alien by George Mikes

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Wisdom for others

” But it does follow, that we must treasure our vices and be cautious with our good characteristics because one could not exist without the other. It does follow that judging yourself or others you must not think of separable mental ingredients, but of the mixture only.
Beware of kindness or rather do not trust it implicitly because in a bad mixture it may only cover a weakling and a liar.
Beware of too much sincerity and open heartedness; chatterboxes seem often very sincere.
Beware of promises; they are often given to please you to-day and not to be kept to-morrow.
Beware of fanatics: they are usually frustrated fools who do not even believe in their own doctrines.
Beware of too much  chastity; because it is often practised and preached by people who would have liked to sin but could not. Do not turn your back on rude people without knowing a little more about them; they are often truthful and outspoken. Do not reject unkind people, just because they have the courage to say “no”.” George Mikes

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Just a Joke by Mikes

” Smith meets his old friend Brown and tells him he has decided to get married:
” Who is the girl ?”
” Jane Huggins of Camberley ”
” Are you mad ? ” asks Brown astonished.
” Do you know her ?”
” I do know of her. And so does everybody else in the district. She has been in bed with half of Camberley.” Six months later they meet again and Smith tells his   friend that he is married.
” Who is your wife ?”
” Jane Huggins of Camberley.”
” But how could you ?” exclaims Brown.
“Didn’t I tell you that every other man at Camberley   had been in bed with her ?”
” Yes ” says Smith, ” but afterwards I went to Camberley     and – well, it’s quite a small place.”

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Marriage, humor and philosophers.

Get married, in any case.  If you happen to get a good mate, you will be happy; if a bad one, you will become philosophical, which is a fine thing in itself.  Socrates

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Fish, fishers and good humour.

It is always the best policy to speak the truth–unless, of course, you are an exceptionally good liar.  Jerome K. Jerome

Fish and fishers.  from Three men in a boat by Jerome K. Jerome

I knew a young man once, he was a most conscientious fellow, and, when he took to fly-fishing, he determined never to exaggerate his hauls by more than twenty-five per cent.
“When I have caught forty fish,” said he, “then I will tell people that I have caught fifty, and so on. But I will not lie any more than that, because it is sinful to lie.”
But the twenty-five per cent. plan did not work well at all. He never was able to use it. The greatest number of fish he ever caught in one day was three, and you can’t add twenty-five per cent. to three – at least, not in fish.
So he increased his percentage to thirty-three-and-a-third; but that, again, was awkward, when he had only caught one or two; so, to simplify matters, he made up his mind to just double the quantity.
He stuck to this arrangement for a couple of months, and then he grew dissatisfied with it. Nobody believed him when he told them that he only doubled, and he, therefore, gained no credit that way whatever, while his moderation put him at a disadvantage among the other anglers. When he had really caught three small fish, and said he had caught six, it used to make him quite jealous to hear a man, whom he knew for a fact had only caught one, going about telling people he had landed two dozen.
So, eventually, he made one final arrangement with himself, which he has religiously held to ever since, and that was to count each fish that he caught as ten, and to assume ten to begin with. For example, if he did not catch any fish at all, then he said he had caught ten fish – you could never catch less than ten fish by his system; that was the foundation of it. Then, if by any chance he really did catch one fish, he called it twenty, while two fish would count thirty, three forty, and so on.
It is a simple and easily worked plan, and there has been some talk lately of its being made use of by the angling fraternity in general. Indeed, the Committee of the Thames Angler’s Association did recommend its adoption about two years ago, but some of the older members opposed it. They said they would consider the idea if the number were doubled, and each fish counted as twenty.

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Our Splendid World

Can you see that little planet down there, said the angel, is called the earth and it is the toilet of the universe, so you must go there immediately. Our two predecessors accepted his words, and since then our world is what it is. That’s the splendid and humorous way an old legend tells us the origin of life on our globe.

Carl William Brown

 

 

 

 

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Voltaire

No problem can withstand the assault of sustained thinking. Voltaire

No snowflake in an avalanche ever feels responsible. Voltaire

Nothing can be more contrary to religion and the clergy than reason and common sense. Voltaire

Nothing would be more tiresome than eating and drinking if God had not made them a pleasure as well as a necessity. Voltaire

Of all religions, the Christian should of course inspire the most tolerance, but until now Christians have been the most intolerant of all men. Voltaire

One great use of words is to hide our thoughts. Voltaire

An ideal form of government is democracy tempered with assassination. Voltaire

Anyone who has the power to make you believe absurdities has the power to make you commit injustices. Voltaire

Anyone who seeks to destroy the passions instead of controlling them is trying to play the angel. Voltaire

Anything that is too stupid to be spoken is sung. Voltaire

Appreciation is a wonderful thing: It makes what is excellent in others belong to us as well. Voltaire

As long as people believe in absurdities they will continue to commit atrocities. Voltaire

Behind every successful man stands a surprised mother-in-law. Voltaire

Better is the enemy of good. Voltaire

Business is the salt of life. Voltaire

By appreciation, we make excellence in others our own property. Voltaire

Chance is a word void of sense; nothing can exist without a cause. Voltaire

Clever tyrants are never punished. Voltaire

Common sense is not so common. Voltaire

Divorce is probably of nearly the same date as marriage. I believe, however, that marriage is some weeks the more ancient. Voltaire

Do well and you will have no need for ancestors. Voltaire

Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is absurd. Voltaire

Each player must accept the cards life deals him or her: but once they are in hand, he or she alone must decide how to play the cards in order to win the game. Voltaire

Every man is guilty of all the good he did not do. Voltaire

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